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Population level impact of increasing tuberculosis treatment coverage and addressing determinants of risk in men: a modelling study in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda

Abstract Background Globally, the burden of tuberculosis (TB) falls more on men than women and children, and there are large gaps between men and women at all stages of exposure, disease incidence, and treatment. We examined the impact of addressing determinants of these gender gaps in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda. Methods and Findings We created a deterministic transmission model of TB, with strata for sex, age, and HIV co-infection and antiretroviral therapy, and calibrated to country-specific data on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and notifications between 2010 and 2022. We then ex…

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