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Energy Portfolio Dynamics and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Multivariate Causal Exploration

Nigeria is Africa's largest economy and leading oil exporter, yet 84 million citizens lack reliable electricity. This study examines causal links between four energy sources—petroleum, natural gas, renewables, and electricity—and economic growth from 1990–2025. Using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test, Bai-Perron break tests, and DOLS estimation, findings show petroleum has unidirectional Granger-causality with GDP, renewables have bidirectional Granger-causality, electricity has the highest long-run elasticity at 1.56%, and natural gas has no significant effect despite 212 Tcf reserves.…

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Source	OpenAlex research
Collection	International records
Kind	Document
Publisher	International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
Date	2026-01-01
Type	article
Details	openalex authorships.countries:NG,primary topic.subfield.id:3320\|3321\|3308\|1202\|3303\|3312\|2002\|2000\|2003 + local /\bnige
Found at	https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100800573
Archived copy	Look it up in the Wayback Machine
Record ID	`openalex:W7212353928`

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Energy Portfolio Dynamics and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Multivariate Causal Exploration. OpenAlex research, 2026. Vero Archive, record openalex:W7212353928.