International records / OpenAlex research

Short-Run Dynamics and Long-Run Equilibrium in Energy-Growth Nexus: A Comparative Application of VAR, VECM, and ARDL with Unit Roots

This study investigates the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships between energy consumption, fixed capital, inflation rate, labor force, and economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria over the period 1984–2023. Given the pervasive presence of unit roots in macroeconomic time series, this research applies three complementary econometric frameworks—Vector Autoregressive (VAR), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)—to model the energy-growth nexus. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test confirms that all variables are integrated of or…