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Government Expenditure and Formal Financing of Agricultural Activities and Labor Participation Rate: A Study of Nigeria

Borrowing from banks, credit unions, and other non-bank financial institutions is known as formal finance. Since both official and informal financing have advantages and disadvantages, a borrower may profit from acquiring both at the same time. These forms of finance are often augmented with government expenditure for economic development. This study utilised annual time series data spanning from 1986 to 2024 to examine the interplay between finance and labour participation rate in Nigeria. Formal financing was measured by commercial banks credit, microfinance loans and agricultural credit gua…

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    from https://www.iiardjournals.org/get/IJSSMR/VOL. 12 NO. 7 2026/GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND FORMAL 369-393.pdf