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Fuel Prices, Subsidy Removal and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria: A Toda–Yamamoto Analysis

This study investigates the causal relationship between Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) prices and key macroeconomic performance indicators in Nigeria (inflation, unemployment, poverty, and Human Development Index) using the Toda-Yamamoto modified causality approach within an augmented VAR (k+dmax) framework. Drawing on annual time-series data from 1990 to 2023, sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), and the World bank World Development Indicators, the analysis incorporates preliminary diagnostics such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests, Johanse…

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from https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEBM/VOL. 12 NO. 2 2026/Fuel Prices Subsidy Removal 304-318.pdf
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Source	OpenAlex research
Collection	International records
Kind	Document
Publisher	IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Date	2026-09-16
Type	article
Details	openalex authorships.countries:NG,primary topic.subfield.id:3320\|3321\|3308\|1202\|3303\|3312\|2002\|2000\|2003 + local /\bnige
Found at	https://doi.org/10.56201/ijebm.vol.12.no2.2026.pg304.318
Archived copy	Look it up in the Wayback Machine
Record ID	`openalex:W7213283526`

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Fuel Prices, Subsidy Removal and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria: A Toda–Yamamoto Analysis. OpenAlex research, 2026. Vero Archive, record openalex:W7213283526.