International records / OpenAlex research

Reform and Stability in South Africa

Multi-ethnic or multi-racial systems' can be classified as vertical or hierarchical, on the one hand, and horizontal or parallel, on the other. In a vertical or hierarchical system, is synonymous with ethnicity; in a horizontal or parallel system, different ethnic communities coexist side by side, each with its own stratification system independent of the other.2 Multiethnic societies often combine elements of both hierarchy and parallelism and over time, one type of system may change into another. Most systems generally tend, however, toward one ideal type or the other. In the contemporary wo…