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High-Resolution Crosshole Seismic Tomographic Imaging for Engineering Site Characterisation at a Gas Flow Facility in the Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria

Crosshole seismic tomography was implemented at a gas flow facility in the Niger Delta to obtain a detailed image of subsurface velocity structure for engineering site characterization. Seismic energy was generated at 2 m depth intervals within a source borehole, while receivers were positioned at 4 m intervals in an adjacent borehole, allowing dense ray-path coverage between the boreholes. To enhance data quality, a four-shot stacking approach was adopted at each source location. The recorded waveforms were processed through amplitude correction, first-arrival travel-time picking, and iterati…